Rethinking Education
This week’s letter will be more like an Outside the Box than a Thoughts from the Frontline.
I am feeling under the weather, and while I can read and move around somewhat,
I am really not thinking all that well and am not up to wasting your time
writing a letter that neither you nor I will be happy with.
Thankfully, my friend Peter Diamandis sent a letter detailing his
vision of the future of education, and I want to share it with you. I have been
struck by the number of times in the last year when, as I begin to talk about
the problems our society will face in the coming years – especially as regards
the future of work –someone says “The answer is more education.”
I don’t want to be glib, but our educational system is largely a
failure in producing children and young adults ready for the future. Why we
would think that more of that would be useful? What we need to do is completely
rethink the whole concept of what we call education. I will admit to being
somewhat at a loss, having read many treatises and essays on changing
education, but finding nothing that really brings it together.
Peter lives and breathes the future. I attended his executive
seminar at Singularity University many years ago – an experience I highly
recommend – and he has spoken at my conference. He is the founder of the
XPRIZES and so much more – the accolades would take a full page. Go to his wiki
page if you’re curious.
I am going to reproduce his letter with few edits, and though it
is a little longer than our usual Outside
the Box, it is unusually thoughtful and thought-provoking. If you
are interested in what education must and will become, here is a good place to
start. And so, without further ado, here’s Peter.
Reinventing Our Kids’
Education
By Peter Diamandis
This week, Bill Gates announced his plan to invest almost $1.7
billion into reforming U.S. public education over the next five years.
Of that sum, he allocated 25 percent to “big bets – innovations
with the potential to change the trajectory of public education over the next
10 to 15 years.”
I’ve been thinking a lot about the future of education – both for
my two 6-year-old boys and the employees of my companies.
This is a topic I’ll cover in depth at Abundance 360 in January in
Beverly Hills. My guest presenters are Sebastian Thrun, co-founder of Udacity;
Max Ventilla, CEO of AltSchool; and Carin Watson, EVP of Learning &
Education at Singularity University.
Earlier this year, I wrote a whitepaper on how I would reinvent
K-12 education for an exponential world. You can read my thoughts below – or
download it here: http://www.diamandis.com/education-white-paper
I started asking myself, given the fact that most elementary
schools haven’t changed in decades (maybe longer), what do I want my kids to
learn? How would I reinvent elementary school during an exponential era?
This blog covers five subjects related to elementary school
education:
1. Five Issues with Today’s Elementary Schools
2. Five Guiding Principles for Future Education
3. An Elementary School Curriculum for the Future
4. Exponential Technologies in our Classroom
5. Mindsets for the 21st Century
2. Five Guiding Principles for Future Education
3. An Elementary School Curriculum for the Future
4. Exponential Technologies in our Classroom
5. Mindsets for the 21st Century
Excuse the length, but if you have kids, the details might be
meaningful. If you don’t, then next week’s blog will return to normal length
and another fun subject. Let’s dive in…
Five Issues with Today’s
Elementary Schools
There’s probably lots of issues with today’s traditional
elementary schools, but I’ll just choose a few that bother me most.
1. Grading: In the traditional education system, you start at an “A,”
and every time you get something wrong, your score gets lower and lower. At
best it’s demotivating, and at worst it has nothing to do with the world you
occupy as an adult. In the gaming world (e.g. Angry Birds), it’s just the
opposite. You start with zero and every time you come up with something right,
your score gets higher and higher.
2. Sage on
the Stage: Most classrooms have a teacher up in front of
class lecturing to a classroom of students, half of whom are bored and half of
whom are lost. The one-teacher-fits-all model comes from an era of scarcity
where great teachers and schools were rare.
3. Relevance: When
I think back to elementary and secondary school, I realize how much of what I
learned was never actually useful later in life, and how many of my critical lessons
for success I had to pick up on my own. (I don’t know about you, but I haven’t
ever actually had to factor a polynomial in my adult life.)
4. Imagination
- Coloring Inside the Lines: Probably of greatest concern
to me is the factory-worker, industrial-era origin of today’s schools –
programs so structured with rote memorization that it squashes the originality
from most children. I’m reminded that “the day before something is truly a
breakthrough, it’s a crazy idea.” Where do we pursue crazy ideas in our
schools? Where do we foster imagination?
5. Boring: If
learning in school is a chore, boring or emotionless, then the most important
driver of human learning, passion, is disengaged. Having our children memorize
facts and figures, sit passively in class and take mundane standardized tests
completely defeats the purpose.
An average of 7,200 students drop out of high school each day,
totaling 1.3 million each year. This means only 69% of students who start high
school finish four years later.
And over 50% of these high school
dropouts name boredom as the No. 1 reason they left.
Five Guiding Principles
for Future Education:
I imagine a relatively near-term future in which robotics and
artificial intelligence will allow any of us, from ages 8 to 108, to easily and
quickly find answers, create products or accomplish tasks, all simply by
expressing our desires.
From ‘mind to manufactured in moments.’ In short, we’ll be able to
do and create almost whatever we want.
In this future, what attributes will be most critical for our
children to learn to become successful in their adult life? What’s most
important for educating our children today?
For me it’s about passion, curiosity, imagination, critical
thinking and grit.
1. Passion: You’d
be amazed at how many people don’t have a mission in life… A calling… something
to jolt them out of bed every morning. The most valuable resource for humanity
is the persistent and passionate human mind, so creating a future of passionate
kids is so very important.
For my 5-year-old boys, I want to support them in finding their
passion or purpose… something that is uniquely theirs. In the same way that the
Apollo program and Star Trek drove my early love for all things space, and that
passion drove me to learn and do.
2. Curiosity: Curiosity
is something innate in kids, yet something lost by most adults during the
course of their life. Why?
In a world of Google, robots and AI, raising a kid that is
constantly asking questions and running “what if” experiments can be extremely
valuable. In an age of machine learning, massive data and a trillion sensors,
it will be the quality of your questions that will be most important.
3. Imagination: Entrepreneurs and visionaries imagine the world (and the
future) they want to live in, and then they create it. Kids happen to be some
of the most imaginative humans around… it’s critical that they know how
important and liberating imagination can be.
4. Critical
Thinking: In a world flooded with often-conflicting ideas,
baseless claims, misleading headlines, negative news and misinformation,
learning the skill of critical thinking helps find the signal in the noise.
This principle is perhaps the most difficult to teach kids.
5. Grit/Persistence: Grit
is defined as “passion and perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals,” and it
has recently been widely acknowledged as one of the most important predictors
of and contributors to success.
Teaching your kids not to give up, to keep trying, and to keep
trying new ideas for something that they are truly passionate about achieving
is extremely critical. Much of my personal success has come from such
stubbornness. I joke that both XPRIZE and the Zero Gravity Corporation were
“overnight successes after 10 years of hard work.”
So given those five basic principles, what would an elementary
curriculum look like?
Let’s take a look…
An Elementary School
Curriculum for the Future
Over the last 30 years, I’ve had the pleasure of starting two
universities, International Space University (1987) and Singularity University
(2007). My favorite part of cofounding both institutions was designing and
implementing the curriculum. Along those lines, the following is my first shot
at the type of curriculum I’d love my own boys to be learning.
I’d love your thoughts – I’ll be looking for them
For the purpose of illustration, I’ll speak about ‘courses’ or
‘modules,’ but in reality these are just elements that would ultimately be
woven together throughout the course of K-6 education.
Module 1: Storytelling/Communications
When I think about the skill that has served me best in life, it’s
been my ability to present my ideas in the most compelling fashion possible, to
get others onboard, and support birth and growth in an innovative direction. In
my adult life, as an entrepreneur and a CEO, it’s been my ability to
communicate clearly and tell compelling stories that has allowed me to create
the future. I don’t think this lesson can start too early in life. So imagine a
module, year after year, where our kids learn the art and practice of
formulating and pitching their ideas. The best of oration and storytelling. Perhaps
children in this class would watch TED presentations, or maybe they’d put
together their own TEDx for kids. Ultimately, it’s about practice and getting
comfortable with putting yourself and your ideas out there and overcoming any
fears of public speaking.
Module 2: Passions
A modern school should help our children find and explore their
passion(s). Passion is the greatest gift of self-discovery. It is a source of
interest and excitement, and is unique to each child.
The key to finding passion is exposure. Allowing kids to
experience as many adventures, careers and passionate adults as possible.
Historically, this was limited by the reality of geography and cost,
implemented by having local moms and dads presenting in class about their
careers. “Hi, I’m Alan, Billy’s dad, and I’m an accountant. Accountants are
people who…”
But in a world of YouTube and virtual reality, the ability for our
children to explore 500 different possible careers or passions during their K-6
education becomes not only possible but compelling. I imagine a module where
children share their newest passion each month, sharing videos (or VR
experiences) and explaining what they love and what they’ve learned.
Module 3: Curiosity
& Experimentation
Einstein famously said, “I have no special talent. I am only
passionately curious.” Curiosity is innate in children, and many times lost
later in life. Arguably, it can be said that curiosity is responsible for all
major scientific and technological advances – the desire of an individual to
know the truth.
Coupled with curiosity is the process of experimentation and
discovery. The process of asking questions, creating and testing a hypothesis,
and repeated experimentation until the truth is found. As I’ve studied the most
successful entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial companies, from Google and Amazon
to Uber, their success is significantly due to their relentless use of
experimentation to define their products and services.
Here I imagine a module which instills in children the importance
of curiosity and gives them permission to say, “I don’t know, let’s find out.”
Further, a monthly module that teaches children how to design and
execute valid and meaningful experiments. Imagine children who learn the skill
of asking a question, proposing a hypothesis, designing an experiment,
gathering the data and then reaching a conclusion.
Module 4: Persistence/Grit
Doing anything big, bold and significant in life is hard work. You
can’t just give up when the going gets rough. The mindset of persistence, of
grit, is a learned behavior and I believe can be taught at an early age, especially
when it’s tied to pursuing a child’s passion.
I imagine a curriculum that, each week, studies the career of a
great entrepreneur and highlights their story of persistence. It would
highlight the individuals and companies that stuck with it, iterated and
ultimately succeeded.
Further, I imagine a module that combines persistence and
experimentation in gameplay such as that found in Dean Kamen’s FIRST LEGO
league, where 4th graders (and up) research a real-world problem such as food
safety, recycling, energy and so on, and are challenged to develop a solution.
They also must design, build and program a robot using LEGO MINDSTORMS®, then
compete on a tabletop playing field.
Module 5: Technology
Exposure
In a world of rapidly accelerating technology, understanding how
technologies work, what they do and their potential for benefiting society is,
in my humble opinion, critical to a child’s future. Technology and coding (more
on this below) are the new “lingua franca” of tomorrow.
In this module, I imagine teaching (age appropriate) kids through
play and demonstration. Giving them an overview of exponential technologies
such as computation, sensors, networks, artificial intelligence, digital
manufacturing, genetic engineering, augmented/virtual reality and robotics, to
name a few. This module is not about making a child an expert in any
technology, it’s more about giving them the language of these new tools, and
conceptually an overview of how they might use such a technology in the future.
The goal here is to get them excited, give them demonstrations that make the
concepts stick, and then to let their imaginations run.
Module 6: Empathy
Empathy, defined as “the ability to understand and share the
feelings of another,” has been recognized as one of the most critical skills
for our children today. And while there has been much written, and great
practices for instilling this at home and in school, today’s new tools
accelerate this.
Virtual reality isn’t just about video games anymore. Artists,
activists and journalists now see the technology’s potential to be an empathy
engine, one that can shine spotlights on everything from the Ebola epidemic to
what it’s like to live in Gaza. And Jeremy Bailenson has been at the vanguard
of investigating VR’s power for good.
For more than a decade, Bailenson’s lab at Stanford has been
studying how VR can make us better people. Through the power of VR, volunteers
at the lab have felt what it is like to be Superman (to see if it makes them
more helpful), a cow (to reduce meat consumption) and even a coral (to learn
about ocean acidification).
Silly as they might seem, these sorts of VR scenarios could be
more effective than the traditional public service ad at making people behave.
Afterwards, they waste less paper. They save more money for retirement. They’re
nicer to the people around them. And this could have consequences in terms of
how we teach and train everyone from cliquey teenagers to high court judges
Module 7: Ethics/Moral
Dilemmas
Related to empathy, and equally important, is the goal of Infusing
kids with a moral compass. Recently I toured a special school created by Elon
Musk (the Ad Astra school) for his five boys (age 8 to 13). One element that is
persistent in that small school of 31 kids is the conversation about ethics and
morals, a conversation manifested by debating real-world scenarios that our
kids may one day face.
Here’s an example of the sort of gameplay/roleplay that I heard
about at Ad Astra, that might be implemented in a module on morals and ethics.
Imagine a small town on a lake, in which the majority of the town is employed
by a single factory. But that factory has been polluting the lake and killing
all the life. What do you do? It’s posed that shutting down the factory would
mean that everyone loses their jobs. On the other hand, keeping the factory
open means the lake is destroyed and the lake dies.
This kind of regular and
routine conversation/gameplay allows the children to see the world in a
critically important fashion.
Module 8: The 3R
Basics (Reading, wRiting & aRithmetic)
There’s no question that young children entering kindergarten need
the basics of reading, writing and math. The only question is what’s the best
way for them to get it? We all grew up in the classic mode of a teacher at the chalkboard,
books and homework at night. But I would argue that such teaching approaches
are long outdated, now replaced with apps, gameplay and the concept of the flip
classroom.
Pioneered by high school teachers Jonathan Bergman and Aaron Sams
in 2007, the flipped classroom reverses the sequence of events from that of the
traditional classroom.
Students view lecture materials, usually in the form of video
lectures, as homework prior to coming to class. In-class time is reserved for
activities such as interactive discussions or collaborative work – all
performed under the guidance of the teacher.
The benefits are clear:
1. Students can consume lectures at their own pace, viewing the
video again and again until they get the concept, or fast-forwarding if the
information is obvious.
2. The teacher is present while students apply new knowledge.
Doing the homework into class time gives teachers insight into which concepts,
if any, that their students are struggling with and helps them adjust the class
accordingly.
3. The flipped classroom produces tangible results: 71% of
teachers who flipped their classes noticed improved grades, and 80% reported
improved student attitudes as a result.
Module 9: Creative
Expression & Improvisation
Every single one of us is creative. It’s human nature to be
creative… the thing is that we each might have different ways of expressing our
creativity.
We must encourage kids to discover and to develop their creative
outlets early. In this module, imagine showing kids the many different ways
creativity is expressed – from art to engineering to music to math – and then
guiding them as they choose the area (or areas) they are most interested in.
Critically, teachers (or parents) can then develop unique lessons for each
child based on their interests, thanks to open education resources like YouTube
and the Khan Academy. If my child is interested in painting and robots, a
teacher or AI could scour the Web and put together a custom lesson set from
videos/articles where the best painters and roboticists in the world share
their skills.
Adapting to change is critical for success, especially in our
constantly changing world today. Improvisation is a skill that can be learned,
and we need to be teaching it early.
In most collegiate “improv” classes, the core of great
improvisation is the “Yes, And…” mindset. When acting out a scene, one actor
might introduce a new character or idea, completely changing the context of the
scene. It’s critical that the other actors in the scene say “Yes, and…” accept
the new reality, then add something new of their own.
Imagine playing similar role-play games in elementary schools,
where a teacher gives the students a scene/context and constantly changes
variables, forcing them to adapt and play.
Module 10: Coding
Computer science opens more doors for students than any other
discipline in today’s world.
Learning even the basics will help students in
virtually any career, from architecture to zoology.
Coding is an important tool for computer science, in the way that
arithmetic is a tool for doing mathematics and words are a tool for English.
Coding creates software, but computer science is a broad field encompassing
deep concepts that go well beyond coding.
Every 21st century student should also have a chance to learn
about algorithms, how to make an app or how the Internet works. Computational
thinking allows preschoolers to grasp concepts like algorithms, recursion and
heuristics – even if they don’t understand the terms, they’ll learn the basic
concepts.
There are more than 500,000 open jobs in computing right now,
representing the No. 1 source of new wages in the United States, and these jobs
are projected to grow at twice the rate of all other jobs.
Coding is fun! Beyond the practical reasons for learning how to
code, there’s the fact that creating a game or animation can be really fun for
kids.
Module 11: Entrepreneurship
& Sales
At its core, entrepreneurship is about identifying a problem (an
opportunity), developing a vision on how to solve it, and working with a team
to turn that vision into reality. I mentioned Elon’s school, Ad Astra: here,
again, entrepreneurship is a core discipline where students create and actually
sell products and services to each other and the school community.
You could recreate this basic exercise with a group of kids in
lots of fun ways to teach them the basic lessons of entrepreneurship.
Related to entrepreneurship is sales. In my opinion, we need to be
teaching sales to every child at an early age. Being able to “sell” an idea (again
related to storytelling) has been a critical skill in my career, and it is a
competency that many people simply never learned.
The lemonade stand has been a classic, though somewhat meager,
lesson in sales from past generations, where a child sits on a street corner
and tries to sell homemade lemonade for $0.50 to people passing by. I’d suggest
we step the game up and take a more active approach in gamifying sales, and
maybe having the classroom create a Kickstarter, Indiegogo or GoFundMe
campaign. The experience of creating a product or service and successfully
selling it will create an indelible memory and give students the tools to
change the world.
Module 12: Language
I just returned from a week in China meeting with parents whose
focus on kids’ education is extraordinary. One of the areas I found fascinating
is how some of the most advanced parents are teaching their kids new languages:
through games. On the tablet, the kids are allowed to play games, but only in
French. A child’s desire to win fully engages them and drives their learning
rapidly.
Beyond games, there’s virtual reality. We know that full immersion
is what it takes to become fluent (at least later in life). A semester abroad
in France or Italy, and you’ve got a great handle on the language and the
culture. But what about for an 8-year-old?
Imagine a module where for an hour each day, the children spend
their time walking around Italy in a VR world, hanging out with AI-driven game
characters who teach them, engage them, and share the culture and the language
in the most personalized and compelling fashion possible.
Exponential Technologies
for Our Classrooms
If you’ve attended Abundance 360 or Singularity
University, or followed my blogs, you’ll probably agree with me that the way
our children will learn is going to fundamentally transform over the next
decade.
Here’s an overview of the top five technologies that
will reshape the future of education:
Tech 1: Virtual
Reality (VR) can make learning truly immersive. Research
has shown that we remember 20% of what we hear, 30% of what we see, and up to
90% of what we do or simulate. Virtual reality yields the latter scenario
impeccably. VR enables students to simulate flying through the bloodstream
while learning about different cells they encounter, or travel to Mars to
inspect the surface for life. To make this a reality, Google Cardboard just
launched its Pioneer Expeditions product. Under this program, thousands of
schools around the world have gotten a kit containing everything a teacher needs
to take his or her class on a virtual trip. While data on VR use in K-12
schools and colleges have yet to be gathered, the steady growth of the market
is reflected in the surge of companies (including zSpace, Alchemy VR and
Immersive VR Education) solely dedicated to providing schools with packaged
education curriculum and content.
Add to VR a related technology called augmented reality (AR), and
experiential education really comes alive. Imagine wearing an AR headset that
is able to superimpose educational lessons on top of real-world experiences.
Interested in botany? As you walk through a garden, the AR headset superimposes
the name and details of every plant you see.
Tech 2: 3D
Printing is allowing students to bring their ideas to life. Never
mind the computer on every desktop (or a tablet for every student), that’s a
given. In the near future, teachers and students will want or have a 3D printer
on the desk to help them learn core science, technology, engineering and
mathematics (STEM) principles. Bre Pettis, of MakerBot Industries, in a grand
but practical vision, sees a 3D printer on every school desk in America.
“Imagine if you had a 3D printer instead of a LEGO set when you were a kid;
what would life be like now?” asks Mr. Pettis. You could print your own
mini-figures, your own blocks, and you could iterate on new designs as quickly
as your imagination would allow. MakerBots are now in over 5,000 K-12 schools
across the United States.
Taking this one step further, you could imagine having a 3D file
for most entries in Wikipedia, allowing you to print out and study an object
you can only read about or visualize in VR.
Tech 3: Sensors
& Networks. An explosion of sensors and networks are
going to connect everyone at gigabit speeds, making access to rich video
available at all times. At the same time, sensors continue to miniaturize and
reduce in power, becoming embedded in everything. One benefit will be the
connection of sensor data with machine learning and AI (below), such that
knowledge of a child’s attention drifting, or confusion, can be easily measured
and communicated. The result would be a representation of the information
through an alternate modality or at a different speed.
Tech 4: Machine
Learning is making learning adaptive and personalized. No
two students are identical – they have different modes of learning (by reading,
seeing, hearing, doing), come from different educational backgrounds, and have
different intellectual capabilities and attention spans. Advances in machine
learning and the surging adaptive learning movement are seeking to solve this
problem. Companies like Knewton and Dreambox have over 15 million students on
their respective adaptive learning platforms. Soon, every education application
will be adaptive, learning how to personalize the lesson for a specific
student. There will be adaptive quizzing apps, flashcard apps, textbook apps,
simulation apps and many more.
Tech 5: Artificial
Intelligence or “An AI Teaching Companion.”
Neil Stephenson’s book The
Diamond Age presents a fascinating piece of educational technology
called “A Young Lady’s Illustrated Primer.”
As described by Beat Schwendimann, “The primer is an interactive
book that can answer a learner’s questions (spoken in natural language), teach
through allegories that incorporate elements of the learner’s environment, and
presents contextual just-in-time information.
“The primer includes sensors that monitor the learner’s actions
and provide feedback. The learner is in a cognitive apprenticeship with the
book: The primer models a certain skill (through allegorical fairy tale
characters), which the learner then imitates in real life.
“The primer follows a learning progression with increasingly more
complex tasks. The educational goals of the primer are humanist: To support the
learner to become a strong and independently thinking person.”
The primer, an individualized AI teaching companion is the result
of technological convergence and is beautifully described by YouTuber CGP Grey
in his video: Digital Aristotle: Thoughts on the Future of Education.
Your AI companion will have unlimited access to information on the
cloud and will deliver it at the optimal speed to each student in an engaging,
fun way. This AI will demonetize and democratize education, be available to
everyone for free (just like Google), and offering the best education to the
wealthiest and poorest children on the planet equally.
This AI companion is not a tutor who spouts facts, figures and
answers, but a player on the side of the student, there to help him or her
learn, and in so doing, learn how to learn better. The AI is always alert,
watching for signs of frustration and boredom that may precede quitting, for
signs of curiosity or interest that tend to indicate active exploration, and
for signs of enjoyment and mastery, which might indicate a successful learning
experience.
Ultimately, we’re heading towards a vastly more educated world. We
are truly living during the most exciting time to be alive.
(NOTE: At this very moment, the XPRIZE Foundation is operating a
$15M Global Learning XPRIZE in which >100 teams are building
Android-based software designed to take an illiterate student in the middle of
Tanzania and get them to basic reading, writing and numeracy in 18 months.)
Mindsets for the 21st
Century
Finally, it’s important for me to discuss mindsets. How we think
about the future colors how we learn and what we do. I’ve written extensively
about the importance of an abundance and exponential mindset for entrepreneurs
and CEOs. I also think that attention to mindset in our elementary schools,
when a child is shaping the mental “operating system” for the rest of their
life, is even more important.
As such, I would recommend that a school adopt a set of principles
that teach and promote a number of mindsets in the fabric of their programs.
Many “mindsets” are important to promote. Here are a couple to
consider:
Nurturing Optimism & An Abundance Mindset:
We live in a competitive world, and kids experience a significant
amount of pressure to perform. When they fall short, they feel deflated. We all
fail at times – that’s part of life. If we want to raise “can-do” kids who can
work through failure and come out stronger for it, it’s wise to nurture
optimism. Optimistic kids are more willing to take healthy risks, are better
problem-solvers and experience positive relationships. You can nurture optimism
in your school by starting each day by focusing on gratitude (what each child
is grateful for), or a “positive focus” in which each student takes 30 seconds
to talk about what they are most excited about, or what recent event was
positively impactful to them. (NOTE: I start every meeting inside my PHD
Ventures team with a positive focus.)
Finally, helping students understand (through data and graphs)
that the world is in fact getting better (see my first book: Abundance: The Future is Better Than You
Think) will help them counter the continuous flow of negative news
flowing through our news media.
When kids feel confident in their abilities and excited about the
world, they are willing to work harder and be more creative.
Tolerance for Failure:
Tolerating failure is a difficult lesson to learn and a difficult
lesson to teach. But it is critically important to succeeding in life.
Astro Teller, who runs Google’s innovation branch “X,” talks a lot
about encouraging failure. At X, they regularly try to “kill” their ideas. If
they are successful in killing an idea, and thus “failing,” they save lots of time,
money and resources. The ideas they can’t kill survive and develop into
billion-dollar businesses. The key is that each time an idea is killed, Astro
rewards the team – literally, with cash bonuses. Their failure is celebrated
and they become a hero.
This should be reproduced in the classroom: kids should try to be
critical of their best ideas (learn critical thinking), then they should be
celebrated for ‘successfully failing’ – perhaps with cake, balloons, confetti
and lots of Silly String.
And with that I will sign off and wish you a great week, without
the usual personal comment.
Your needing a little rest analyst,
John Mauldin
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